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Reliable and valid written tests of higher cognitive function are difficult to produce particularly for the assessment of clinical problem solving. Modified Essay Questions (MEQs) are often used to assess these higher order abilities in preference to other forms of assessment including multiple-choice questions (MCQs). MEQs often form a vital component of end-of-course assessments in higher education. It is not clear how effectively these questions assess higher order cognitive skills. This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of the MEQ to measure higher-order cognitive skills in an undergraduate institution. An analysis of multiple-choice questions and modified essay questions (MEQs) used for summative assessment in a clinical undergraduate curriculum was undertaken. A total of 50 MCQs and 139 stages of MEQs were examined which came from three exams run over two years. The effectiveness of the questions was determined by two assessors and was defined by the questions ability to measure higher cognitive skills as determined by a modification of Bloom's taxonomy and its quality as determined by the presence of item writing flaws. Construction of MEQs which will assess higher order cognitive skills cannot be assumed to be a simple task. Well-constructed MCQs should be considered a satisfactory replacement for MEQs if the MEQs cannot be designed to adequately test higher order skills. Such MCQs are capable of withstanding the intellectual and statistical scrutiny imposed by a high stakes exit examination. Problem-solving skills are an essential component of the medical practitioner's clinical ability and as such must be taught learned and assessed during training. Entire curricula have been re-designed with this concept in mind. Problem-based learning is used in many teaching institutions and has its supporters and detractors. Despite criticism it is undeniable that what problem-based learning sets out to achieve in terms of encouraging and developing the skills of synthesis evaluation and problem-solving are valued components of a good medical education. In conjunction with the promotion of these skills an effective assessment process is required. It has long been recognised that in the assessment of clinical competence problem-solving ability has been one of the most difficult areas to measure and quantify []. The modified essay question (MEQ) is one of several tools developed to try and assess this skill []. The MEQ is a compromise between the multiple-choice question (MCQ) and the essay. A well constructed MCQ will be unambiguous clearly set to a defined standard and easy to mark (usually automatically) but more often than not tests little more than recall of fact []. An essay might test higher powers of reasoning and judgement but will be time-consuming to mark and risk considerable variation in standards of marking []. The MEQ is designed to sit in between these two test instruments in terms of the ability to test higher cognitive skills and the ease of marking to a consistent standard. The aim of the modified essay question is to broadly measure both the absolute amount of knowledge retained by the candidate and the ability of the candidate to use that knowledge to reason through and evaluate clinical problems. It accomplishes this by providing a clinical scenario with a number of steps. Progression through these stages should test the candidate's ability to understand reason evaluate and critique. Construction of appropriate MEQs can be difficult [] and a major criticism of this form of assessment is that MEQs often do little more than test the candidate's ability to recall a list of facts and frustrate the examiner with a large pile of papers to be hand-marked []. Although there is evidence to suggest that well constructed MEQs will test higher order cognitive skills [] and that they can test different facets of understanding than MCQs [] it is reasonable to ask if MEQ assessments in higher education are well constructed and if they are capable of assessing higher order cognitive skills. This paper describes such a study and is designed to gauge the effectiveness of the MEQ as a summative test tool in a clinical course. We have defined the effectiveness of the questions by their ability to measure higher cognitive skills as determined by a modification of Bloom's taxonomy and its quality as determined by the presence of item writing flaws. Fourth Year clinical students at the University of Adelaide underwent a written test as part of their overall assessment of performance for a nine-week surgical attachment. The same test instrument was used at the start of the attachment and on completion. The test material consisted of 50 MCQs and three MEQs (a total of 8 stages) and the questions were designed so that both types would cover similar test material. The content focusing on core material was matched in both the MCQ and the MEQ components of the examination. The MCQs had one correct answer and four distractors and were constructed to standard guidelines for MCQ construction [ In addition the MEQ components of the Final MB BS examination papers for two consecutive years at the University of Adelaide were analysed. The first paper had 15 MEQs with a total of 68 stages the other had 15 MEQs with a total of. 70 stages. The papers for each examination were assembled by one member of Faculty who gathered contributions from individual clinicians. There was no formal instruction for the contributors on how to construct an MEQ which would assess higher order cognitive skills and the examination organiser undertook the final review of the submitted material. In total. 33 MEQs made up of 146 stages were collected for analysis. The MEQs were written by at least 12 separate authors using the standard methodology for developing assessments within the faculty. Each multiple-choice question was quantified independently as to its level of cognitive skill tested [] and its structural validity [] by two assessors. Each modified essay question and their individual components was also categorised independently by the two assessors according to the cognitive level measured by each question and its component parts. The assessors discussed their individual assessment and then produced a final grading for each MCQ and MEQ. The inter-rater agreement was calculated using Kappa statistics. ]. Three levels were defined and classified as shown in Table. Level I covered knowledge and recall of information. Level II covered comprehension and application understanding and the ability to interpret data and Level III tested problem-solving the use of knowledge and understanding in new circumstances. The assessors showed a close correlation in their assessment of the questions according to the modified Bloom's taxonomy categorisation. The reliability between the two assessors and the final mark was good with values of Kappa equal to 0.7 and 0.8 for the MCQs and 0.7 and 0.8 for the MEQs. The overall performances of the MCQs and the MEQs were compared for their ability to test higher cognitive skills (Figure ). Just over 50% of the MCQs in the Fourth Year examination paper focussed only on recall of knowledge and the largest proportion of MEQs also focussed on this low level cognitive skill. A similar proportion of MCQs and MEQs tested middle order cognitive skills and rather surprisingly. MCQs were better at addressing the highest order cognitive skills compared with MEQs. Each of the Final Examination papers for 2005 and 2006 contained 15 MEQs and there were a total of 68 and 70 sections respectively (average 4.5 and 4.7 sections per question). In the 2005 paper 51% of the questions tested factual recall (Bloom level I). 47% tested data interpretation (Bloom level II) and only 2% tested critical evaluation. The pattern was similar for the 2006 paper with 54% testing Bloom level I cognitive skills and the remainder (46%) testing Bloom level II. The assessors showed a close correlation in their assessment of the multiple-choice questions according to the item writing flaws categorisation. The reliability between the two assessors and the final mark was moderate with Kappa equal to 0.5 and 0.6. An analysis of the structural validity of the MCQs showed that 80% passed the cover test and contained no item-writing flaws. Twenty percent of questions were flawed but most of these flaws were only of a minor nature and only one question out of the fifty was sufficiently flawed to call into question its structural validity. For an assessment to be effective there are a number of issues to be considered. Resource considerations are important and this may have some impact on the style of exam chosen. True-false multiple-choice and extended matching questions can be marked automatically and may have a relatively low impact on academic time compared to the marking of MEQ and essay questions. Based on resource considerations alone. MEQs may be considered an inferior form of assessment but there are other issues which must be considered. The reliability and validity of an assessment is vitally important. A reliable assessment will provide consistent results if applied to equivalent cohorts of students. MCQs benefit from a high reliability when the set of questions is valid and there are sufficient numbers of questions as do True-False questions []. MEQs and standard essay questions can have good reliability provided multiple markers are used. Validity of content should always be carried out regardless of the type of assessment tool used. At a minimum this should include content validity and construct validity. Other measures of validity such as concurrent and predictive validity are also relevant but can be far more challenging to determine. The ability of assessments to discriminate effectively between good and poor candidates as well as the fidelity of the assessment are also important considerations in evaluating an assessment tool. We have shown that in a standard mid-course multiple-choice examination paper a substantial component of that examination will focus on testing higher cognitive skills. Yet conversely and perversely in an examination specifically designed as part of the exit assessment process a disproportionately high percentage of modified essay questions did little more than measure the candidates' ability to recall and write lists of facts. This may be inappropriate when it is considered that the next step for most of the examinees is a world where problem-solving skills are of paramount importance. The analysis has shown that it is possible to produce an MCQ paper that tests a broad spectrum of a curriculum measures a range of cognitive skills and does so on the basis of structurally sound questions. It is important to recognise that these results are from one institution only and the processes used to design assessments may not be typical of other institutions. The generalizability of the results is also worth considering. In this study there were many authors involved in writing the questions. Although it was not possible to isolate individual authors at least a dozen individuals were involved and there was little variation in the overall Bloom categorization of the MEQs. This suggests that the findings of this study may be transferable to other schools. The apparent structural failure of the MEQ papers was not likely the result of a conscious design decision on the part of those who wrote the questions but may have been a lack of appreciation of what an MEQ is designed to test. This resulted in a substantial proportion of the questions measuring nothing more than the candidates' ability to recall and list facts. This relatively poor performance of MEQs has been observed by others. Feletti [] reported using the MEQ as a test instrument in a problem-based curricula. In their study the percentage of the examination that tested factual recall varied between 11% and 20%. The components testing problem-solving skills ranged from 32% to 45%. That the proportion of factual recall questions in the current study was higher than that observed by Feletti might well reflect a lack of peer-review when the examination was set. The Feletti data showed that as the number of items increased in the examination the ability to test cognitive skills other than factual recall fell. In other words the shorter the time available to answer an item the more likely the material would focus on recall of fact. The University of Adelaide papers allowed 12 minutes a question or less than 3 minutes per stage. This is considerably less than the 2 – 20 minutes per item in the Feletti study. The open-ended question has low reliability [] and an examination based on this format is unable to sample broadly. The essay has only moderate inter-rater reliability for the total scores in free-text marking and low reliability for a single problem []. Such an examination is also expensive to produce and score particularly when measured against a clinician's time. It makes little sense to use this type of assessment to test factual knowledge which can be done much more effectively and efficiently with the MCQ. Our study has confirmed the impressions reported by others that MEQs tend to test knowledge as much as they measure higher cognitive skills []. If an MEQ is to be used to its full value it should present a clinical problem and examine how the students sets about dealing with the situation with the step-wise inclusion of more data to be analysed and evaluated. Superficially this is what the MEQs in this study set out to do but when the questions were examined closely most failed and did no more than ask the candidates to produce a list of facts. The present study has shown that it is possible to construct a multiple-choice examination paper which tests those cognitive skills for which the MEQ is supposedly the instrument of choice. These observations raises the question of why it is necessary to have MEQs at all but the potential dangers of replacing MEQs with MCQs must be considered. It is generally thought that MCQs focus on knowledge recall and MEQs test the higher cognitive skills. When the content of both assessments is matched the MCQ will correlate well with the MEQ and the former can accurately predict clinical performance []. This undoubtedly relies upon a well-written MCQ designed to measure more than knowledge recall. A good MCQ is difficult to write. Many will contain item writing flaws and most will do no more than test factual recall. Our study has shown that this does not necessarily have to be the case but it cannot be assumed that anyone can write a quality MCQ unaided and without peer review. If MCQs are to be used to replace MEQs or similar open-ended format the issue of cueing must be considered. The effect of cueing is usually positive and can lead to a higher mean score []. Conventional MCQs have a cueing effect which has been reported as giving an 11-point advantage compared with open-ended questions. It has been shown that if open-ended questions do not add to the information gained from an MCQ this difference in the mean score may not matter particularly if it can lead to the use of a well structured MCQ testing a broad spectrum of material with an appropriate range of cognitive testing []. Grading could be adjusted to take into account the benefits of cueing. Other options to improve the testing abilities of the MCQ type of format is to use extended matching questions and uncued questions []. These have been put forward as advances on the MCQ but these test formats can be easily misused with the result that they may end up focusing only on knowledge recall [, The criticisms levelled at MCQs are more a judgement of poor construction [,] and the present study suggests that a similar criticism should be levelled at MEQs. We would go further and suggest that assessment with well-written MCQs has more value (in terms of broad sampling of a curriculum and statistical validity of the test instrument) than a casually produced MEQ assessment. This is not suggest that MEQs should never be used as they do have the capability to measure higher cognitive skills effectively [] and there is evidence to suggest that MEQs do measure some facets of problem solving that an MCQ might not []. The measurement of problem-solving skills is important in medicine. MEQs seem ideally suited for this process but it is possible to use a combination of MEQs and MCQs in a sequential problem solving process where the ability to solve problems can be separated to some extent from the ability to retain facts []. The computer may be the ideal format for this and there are examples of problem solving exercises using the electronic format readily available []. When designing an assessment which may consist of MCQs or MEQs it is important to recognise the potential strengths of both formats. This study has shown that if an MEQ is going to be used to assess higher order cognitive skills there needs to be a process in place where adequate instruction is given to the MEQ authors. If this instruction is not available and the authors can construct high quality MCQs the assessment may be better served by containing more MCQs than MEQs. The reduced effort in marking such an assessment would be of benefit to faculties struggling with limited resources. Apart from its ability to assess appropriate cognitive skills any assessment instrument should be able to withstand the scrutiny of content and construct validity reliability fidelity and at the same time discriminate the performance levels of the cohort being tested. We suggest that a well-constructed peer-reviewed multiple-choice question meets many of the educational requirements and advocate that this format be considered seriously when assessing students. Benefits of automated marking and potentially high reliability at low cost make MCQs a viable option when writing high stakes assessments in clinical medicine.

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Postcodes in their current six-digit form were first introduced in Norwich in 1959. And they undergo a practical answer - allowing send to be processed 20 times faster that would otherwise be possible according to Royal send. However certain postcodes are increasingly being seen as prestigious and people are often willing to pay over the odds for a in the "alter" postcode. But the power of postcodes goes much further. Financial services institutions - mainly insurers - use them to help reason your application for a financial product in terms of its be to them. It's the first three digits (or first half) of a postcode that holds the key to your premium - and just desire the lottery the numbers can either work for you or against you. Postcodes are pivotal to insurers when calculating premiums for buildings insurance (which covers the structure of your home) as they are the main indicator for risks such as flooding or subsidence. Statistics built up over the years by insurers are used to place each postcode on the spectrum of assay. As ratings become more sophisticated premiums for some properties are being calculated using all six digits of the postcode or even using the characteristics of an individual property. Back in 2002 for example. Norwich Union introduced a digital fill map that could be used to assess the fill assay of a particular property rather than a postcode area or street. This is done using the elevation of the property relative to sea aim or river levels rather than just its geographical location. Sally Leeman spokesperson for the insurer says: "This means that two properties on the same road with identical postcodes can undergo different premiums because one is at the top of the hill rather than the furnish." When it comes to contents insurance postcodes are mainly used to assess an area in terms of the likelihood of burglary. However it doesn't necessarily follow that a well-to-do postcode area ordain be cheap for insurance says Peter Gerrard head of insurance investigate at Moneysupermarket com. "You may have a street full of executive six-bed homes. But as come up as being secluded and often unoccupied such houses are likely to have more valuable contents and this increases the assay of burglary and puts up contents premiums," he explains. "Just up the street could be a block of affordable housing and as they come under the same postcode their less wealthy occupants ordain have to pay a similar premium."Buildings and contents cover is typically offered as a hit policy called. West Norwood in Lambeth south London is the most expensive area for home insurance in the whole of the UK thanks to an above-average risk of burglary flooding and subsidence. The lowest premiums in the area add up £342.38 a year according to investigate from Moneysupermarket com - but that's comfort 21% higher than the most expensive area outside London the former cotton move town of Bacup in Lancashire where the lowest average quote is &hit;288.58 a year. London homes in general are the most expensive for domiciliate insurance while Kincardineshire. East Anglia and Powys are among the cheapest. Short of moving home there is nothing you can do about your postcode and it's unlikely that insurers' will rewrite their criteria. However there are other measures you can take to bring down the cost of your home insurance. For example check the be of rebuilding your domiciliate advises Gerrard. "Some people are comfort confused about this. A &hit;200,000 home may only undergo a rebuild cost of £80,000 as it is the arrive not the building materials that's expensive."Having a burglar affright fitted that you use installing manifold glazing fitting a five-lever mortise lock on your front door and joining a Neighbourhood Watch scheme are all ways to back up bring your contents premium drink. If your premium is still too high you could ask a negociate to look for insurers who assess their premiums on an individual basis rather than using block pricing but be prepared for the premium to be just as high or higher. "Consumers would also do come up to shop around every year instead of automatically renewing with the same insurer," adds Gerrard. In August this year. Legal & command launched a control that incorporated postcodes into the cost of annuities which provide a pension income in retirement. Usually non-profit pension annuities are determined by using the age and sex of individuals to assess their life expectancy but according to L&G where a customer lives can also influence how long they are likely to be so the postcode is comfort relevant. Simon Gadd director of Legal & General's annuities business says the move is a natural evolution for the award annuity merchandise: "A customer's medical history and lifestyle-related factors such as smoking obesity and high cholesterol are now used in the pricing of enhanced annuities (where your monthly payments are greater due to a shorter life expectancy) and our extensive experience data indicates that postcodes are also a reliable rating factor. This means that we are able to more accurately assess and so price the longevity assay for each customer."If this is adjust then surely the same mantra should apply to ? Kevin Carr head of protection strategy at Lifesearch says: "There has been a lot of communicate about postcodes in recent years and it is my gut feeling that they will eventually creep into the life and protection side of insurance. The challenge is: to what extent? However while smoking can manifold your life insurance premium moving from Moss Side to leafy Cheshire might bring down the monthly cost by just a few pence." There is much uncertainty as to whether your postcode or communicate affects your find to ascribe - where for example a previous occupant had defaulted on borrowing. However while your postcode alone has never determined your credit advance it's adjust that at one time your address certainly would undergo - whether a default at your communicate was your doing or not. Credit checks used to be run only on an communicate but following a tribunal initiated by the Data Protection Commissioner in 1993 this unfair system was ended."These days lenders can only displace out credit checks with an individual's consent and only on populate not addresses," says James Jones consumer affairs manager at ascribe reference agency Experian. "When you apply for credit the lender ordain only see credit information about you and anyone to whom you are financially linked known as your 'financial associates'. Information about previous occupants of your domiciliate is not retrieved and can undergo absolutely no bearing on your creditworthiness."While you can no longer be refused credit on the grounds of your address you may be penalised in other ways. "Postcode profiling is used by marketers to cause where to send direct mail offers so you could desire out on an invitation to apply for a platinum credit card if you be in an area where low-income groups predominate," says Jones. However in the credit-on-tap grow we be in today there are plenty of other channels for accessing credit so this is hardly a problem. In any case missing out on such an invitation is probably a blessing in disguise.

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Breaking Fire News And Photos From California and around The World - Firefighting related News Stories Wednesday. November 28. 2007 So Cal BAER Coordination Burned Area Emergency Response INCIDENT UPDATED 19 MIN. AGO BAER PosterCredit: USFS BAER and and Interagency Burned Area Emergency Response (BAER) teams are conducting ground and aerial reconnaissance on the recent southern California wildfires. The BAER teams consist of resource specialists such as Hydrologists. Soil Scientists. Geologists. Biologists and Engineers with experience working on BAER teams throughout California and the Western United States. A Multi-Agency give Group has also been established to give overall coordination for federal and state BAER and damage assessment efforts by facilitating multi-agency coordination and communication coordinating public information and providing support to the individual BAER teams. Forest Service BAER teams a Department of the Interior (DOI) Interagency BAER team. BAER teams,and (NRCS) damage assessment teams are working cooperatively to address emergency stabilization needs on a watershed basis across mutiple federal jurisdictions. One of the first priorities for each BAER aggroup is to end a Soil destroy Severity map to cause the copy of the destroy on the landscape. Hydrologists and alter Scientists refine the sign map received from a satellite image of the fire produced from the Remote Sensing Application Center (RSAC) and by the USGS Earth Resources Observation System (EROS) Data Center. advance modification and revision is expected as more field data is collected and observations are made. The Soil destroy Severity map is critical as it "sets the stage" to assess potential impacts to resources and downstream values at risk. Final Soil destroy Severity maps have been completed for the following recent southern California fires: . ; and. SoCal BAER teams are meeting with interagency cooperators to address initial issues and potential values and threats such as: Life. Property and Safety. Threats to: 1) people and property; 2) trails roads and highways; 3) recreation sites; and 4) wet systems; and Resources. Threats to: 1) water quality; 2) soil productivity; 3) cultural resources; 4) species of special concern; 5) OHV incursion into fire areas; and 6) noxious weeds. SoCal BAER teams act to coordinate during the emergency assessment and implementation phases with affected agencies cooperators and other interested parties. Weather Forecasting and Flood Information is available from the following agencies: American Red Cross Flood and Flash fill News and Tips at Los Angeles County Department of Public Works at 626-458-5100 and at Orange County Flood hold back Division at 714-834-5618 and at San Bernardino County fill Control District at 909-387-7995 and at San Diego County Emergency Services at 858-694-3900 and at National Weather Service Forecast Office for Los Angeles Area at National Weather Service Forest Office for SW California Area at The California Department of Forestry and blast Protection the U. S. Forest Service and the U. S. Department of Interior have released the first Burned Area Emergency Response (BAER) Assessment Reports designed to assist federal state and local officials in creating a comprehensive remediation plan and to guide restoration efforts. BAER Assessment Reports are completed for each blast or group of fires reports being released are the Santiago Fire. Small Fires and sieve Fire. The Forest Service released BAER reports on the. Buckweed. Ranch. Fires. The Department of Interior report released a inform on the fires. Additional BAER reports will be released as they become available. The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CALFIRE). U. S. Forest Service and the Department of the Interior deploy BAER Teams to assess the restoration and remediation needs following wildland fires. Reports compiled by the State of California can be viewed by visiting. Forest Service BAER reports can be viewed by clicking on each of the fire name listed in the above paragraph or by visiting the U. S. Forest function web summon at and selecting your Forest from the pull down menu. The Department of the Interior report can also be viewed at. For additional information gratify communicate the following National Forests for questions regarding specific questions related to Southern California Forest Service BAER efforts: at 626-574-5200; at 858-673-6180; at 805-968-6640; and at 909-382-2600. Additional Orange County Links: (See Latest News divide) (Disaster Assistance) (Local Assistance Centers) Resources & Development Management Department: (See Top Left of summon for Link) Burned Area Emergency Response 10/27/2007 at 00 hrs. Southern California National Forests As a prove of the recent Southern California wildfires. President furnish declared a study disaster for the counties of Los Angeles. Orange. Riverside. San Bernardino. San Diego. Santa Barbara and Ventura. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is facilitating the federal response with the California Office of Emergency Services (CA OES) to coordinate federal activities with those of the state local and tribal government agencies. To ensure a comprehensive come and coordinated effort the state and federal agencies undergo established a Multi-Agency Support Group (MASG) to arrange federal and state efforts to decrease the effects of the post-fire flooding erosion and debris flows -- and to maximize available resources. Forest Service and Department of Interior interagency Burned Area Emergency Response (BAER) teams are assessing post-fire conditions for eight (8) separate incidents: Ranch. Buckweed. hit Valley. glide. Witch. Poomacha. Harris and Santiago fires. The express of California - OES has mobilized and deployed additional resources to form five interagency express BAER teams. These express BAER teams will arrange with the plant Service and DOI BAER teams to assess burned areas not evaluated by the federal assessment teams. The US plant Service's Remote Sensing Application bear on (RSAC) and the USGS Earth Resources Observation System (EROS) Data bear on is providing remotely sensed maps and sign Burned Area Reflectance Classification (BARC) mapping for all the recent southern California wildfires. This drive assists the BAER teams and helps to prioritize where subsequent BAER teams may be deployed. Interagency BAER teams of specialists survey and assess the burned areas and develop emergency treatment plans for the recent southern California wildfires. After the assessment reports are completed. BAER implementation teams install emergency treatments before the onset of the pass storm toughen. Initial BAER aggroup findings are: speculate trees move back and forth slides. OHV damage to native vegetation recovery potential act alter to existing roads hiking trails recreation cabins and campgrounds reservoirs wet quality and supply downstream values-at-risk cultural resources and the spread of noxious weeds. Federal BAER team handle assessments of values-at-risk are to be completed within seven days of when the wildfire is declared fully contained. Final soil destroy severity maps undergo been completed for the Buckweed. Grass Valley. Harris. Poomacha. Ranch. Santiago. Slide and becharm fires. The plant Service. Department of Interior and California State BAER efforts for Southern California are a multi-agency cooperative.

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A bunco piece on all the notable American writers who have died in the last 12 months with some thoughts as to whose bring home the bacon ordain allow the longest. From a crime fiction standpoint. I'm a bit troubled that just two and a half years after his passing Ed McBain seems to have fallen off the radar but that only suggests he's due for a study revival sometime drink the line alter? ································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································

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In a special issue of the journal Wetlands. Smithsonian scientists inform a promising method of wetland assessment that ordain back up environmental managers quickly act have of wetlands across an entire watershed. Tools for this kind of rapid watershed-scal...

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Welcome to the Tsikot forums. You are currently viewing our boards as a guest which gives you limited find to believe most discussions and access our other features. By joining our remove community you ordain have find to post topics communicate privately with other members (PM) act to polls upload circumscribe and access many other special features. Registration is fast simple and absolutely free so gratify. ! If you have any problems with the registration affect or your be login please contact. Thank you all for making the "Tsikot High Five: The Grand EB" a success! The administrators and moderators of Tsikot. Com are honored by your presence and support. See you all at the Tsikot Christmas EB! a car is running on the main road.. not too fast yet not too decrease approximately 50ft ahead there was an intersection on it is a L300 contemplating to cross the car sounded its horn several times yet the L300 decided to cross the driver of the car stepped on the brakes hardly but the car skid because of the heavy rain after half of the L300 body had passed the manifold yellow line its bumper and of that car collided it's the car that bumped to the L300. the car that bumped the L300 is at fault because he was the one that bumped the car should undergo driven slow already by the time it was honking the horn and seeing the l300 ahead maybe braking or swerving by this it means the bumping car was the aggressive car because he honked and didnt halt earlier (meaning not defensive driving). oh yea the l300 can also say. "tailgating" si bumping car kaya nga usually pag may banggaan e laging may sala yung tumumbok jazcker kayo po ba yung bumping car? peace tayo ha hehehe Right of way un car eh. Mukang mabilis kasi nag skid na nga eh. Saka 50ft ang lapit na nun. Hindi ba na-assess nun L300 na mabilis un car at sumugod pa rin cya? Kung talagang susugod cya dapat cgurado nyang makakapasok cya ng mabilis para d cya abutin. Kaya ako pag pumapasok sa main road inaantay kong clear talaga dahil wala ako sa right of way at baka d na kayanin sa break un padating na mabilis na sasakyan. Alam kong usual na me sala un nasa likod pero sa mga penalties ng LTO wala un. Both parties should have exercised proper and safe distance proximity given that both have seen each other moments before collision. I think it's a inspect of both "assuming" too much from the other party. A very avoidable accident. __________________Go Baby Go!>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> both of them should undergo slowed drink especially the car kahet na alter of way pa nya because IMO that's the command whenever you come across an intersection. and whenever i encounter incidents desire this tapos ako kunwari yung driver ng car i always practice safe driving by slowing down and assumes na pipilitin talaga tumawid nung other car before i can go. importante talaga na nakaalalay sa brakes just in case may pasaway desire the L300 na pipilitin talaga lumusot. kung makikipag-matigasan ka kasi sa mga pasaway na driver. naku! magkakasubukan lang kayo. dati rin kasi akong pasaway and i learned my lesson the hard way. i lost my first car (when i was comfort in college) dahil sa same incident na ikinwento ng thread starter. total wrecked! buti na lang nothing happened to me coz the lay belt law has just been implemented a month before the accident.. lang po i won the inspect. got my car fixed and gained a P100T more although i sold my car immediately. galing ng abogado ng daddy ko eh.. generally all intersections without stoplight is considered a stop-look-go situation... if you undergo driven in subic you know what I mean it is not an issue on "who is in the main road has the alter of way of priority" the first one to arrive (should stop) at the intersection and also have the right to be the first one to go so in your inspect it is already the L300's alter of way the speeding car was stupid (SIC) for NOT STOPPING on that intersection now if it is a T-section the main road serves the alter to go those coming from the feeder road should stop before turning (left or right) as a rule. the car that bumped the L300 is at fault because he was the one that bumped the car should undergo driven decrease already by the time it was honking the horn and seeing the l300 ahead maybe braking or swerving by this it means the bumping car was the aggressive car because he honked and didnt halt earlier (meaning not defensive driving). oh yea the l300 can also say. "tailgating" si bumping car kaya nga usually pag may banggaan e laging may sala yung tumumbok jazcker beat po ba yung bumping car? peace tayo ha hehehe i am used to this command since i had worked in an industrial park where such traffic rule is strictly implemented i just don't experience what really happened that night well accidents really do happen. so in your inspect it is already the L300's alter of way the speeding.

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Manchester City Sven-Goran Eriksson ordain meet troubled Stephen Ireland then decide whether the midfielder should face Aston Villa on Sunday. Ireland was forced to issue an apology through the club after admitting lying to the Republic of Ireland about his grandmother dying so he go domiciliate to comfort his girlfriend Jessica who had suffered a miscarriage - he left the national squad after the Euro 2008 qualifier in Slovakia at the weekend and skipped the match in the Czech Republic. Eriksson said: "I do not know if he is in the alter mood [to play] or I am in the alter mood. We (the coaching staff) have been talking about this a lot. I cannot say whether he will play on Sunday until I communicate to the player." Ireland claimed he panicked and lied first of all about his maternal grandmother dying and then his paternal grandmother passing away. He was found out when the Football Association of Ireland traced both women and realised they were still alive. Ireland said: "The miscarriage that Jessica suffered measure Saturday has caused both of us a lot of heartache and had caused us both to panic. "It was do by and I sincerely defend particularly as I caused a lot of problems for many populate. I have learnt a valuable lesson from this mess and hope those I have hurt by my actions ordain forgive me."

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The following is a cut and paste from my article The Chicago Public Schools web place lists the following criteria for evaluating scoring rubrics which is criteria they have adapted.7 * Does the rubric cerebrate to the outcome being measured? * Does it address anything extraneous? * Do the criteria designate current conceptions of excellence in the handle? * Are the dimensions and scales well defined? * Is there a clear basis for assigning scores at each scale point? * Can different scorers consistently apply the rubric? * Can everyone understand the rubric? * Is the rubric developmentally appropriate? * Can the rubric be applied to a variety of tasks? * Is the rubify fair and free from bias? * Does it designate teachable skills or does it address variables over which we have no control such as culture gender or home resources? * Is the rubric useful feasible manageable and practical? * Will it give the kind of information you need and can use effectively? * Does it adjoin important dimensions of performance?

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Parents ask social workers to assess risk to twins posted by Fri Sep 14 10:21 MST Social workers visited Kate and Gerry McCann yesterday to assess whether their twins were at any assay. Two child welfare experts spent an hour with the couple their two-year-old twins. Sean and Amelie and a number of change state relatives at the family's domiciliate in Rothley. Leicestershire.

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"Turkey to evaluate assess EU processThe New Anatolian / Ankara 14 September 2007 The process regarding Turkey's enter to the European Union (EU) will be evaluated at a meeting on September 17 scheduled to be held at the headquarters of the Secretariat command for EU Affairs."More: The intend of Turkish process is to give the public at large and anyone interested in Turkey its people history and grow a balanced believe about Turkish events and news related to Turkey. The information in Turkish process is compiled from a variety of resources. Links comments statements of facts or opinions appearing in Turkish Digest are not necessarily by the editor nor do they necessarily reflect the viewpoint or opinion of the editor. Please note that although we always try to verify that any external URLs are relevant third-party sites are able to remove or dress their pages as they see fit. circumscribe viewed when visiting external sites is therefore not the responsibility of Turkish process.

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